MP Board Class 10 Science 2022 Solved Previous Year Paper — Question-by-Question Analysis for 2027 Board Exam

MP Board Class 10 Science 2022 Solved Paper — Complete Question-by-Question Analysis for 2027 Board Exam

Are you preparing for the MP Board Class 10 Science exam in 2027? Do you want to see exactly how previous year questions were solved? This article provides the fully solved MP Board Class 10 Science 2022 question paper with step-by-step explanations for every question. Each answer includes key concepts, formulas used, and exam tips to help you score maximum marks.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Question 1: Which of the following is a redox reaction?

Options:
(a) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
(b) CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
(c) AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
(d) BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2HCl

Answer: (b) CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O

Explanation: In this reaction, CuO is reduced to Cu (loss of oxygen) and H₂ is oxidised to H₂O (gain of oxygen). Since both oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously, this is a redox reaction. Exam Tip: Remember — Redox = Reduction + Oxidation happening together.

Question 2: The pH of a solution is 3. Its nature is:

Options:
(a) Neutral
(b) Weakly acidic
(c) Strongly acidic
(d) Basic

Answer: (c) Strongly acidic

Explanation: pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. pH < 7 = acidic, pH = 7 = neutral, pH > 7 = basic. A pH of 3 is well below 7, indicating a strongly acidic solution. Formula: [H⁺] = 10⁻³ mol/L.

Question 3: The image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same size as the object. The position of the object is:

Options:
(a) At F
(b) At C
(c) Between F and C
(d) Beyond C

Answer: (b) At C (Centre of Curvature)

Explanation: When the object is at C in a concave mirror, the image forms at C, is real, inverted, and of the same size as the object. Ray Diagram Tip: Practice drawing the 6 cases of concave mirrors — object at infinity, beyond C, at C, between C and F, at F, and between F and P.

Question 4: Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

Options:
(a) CO₂
(b) CH₄
(c) O₂
(d) CFCs

Answer: (c) O₂ (Oxygen)

Explanation: Greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere. Major greenhouse gases include CO₂, CH₄ (methane), N₂O, CFCs, and water vapour. Oxygen (O₂) is not a greenhouse gas as it does not absorb infrared radiation.

Question 5: The atomic number of an element is 17. The number of electrons in its outermost shell is:

Options:
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 8

Answer: (c) 7

Explanation: Atomic number 17 = Chlorine (Cl). Electronic configuration: 2, 8, 7. The outermost shell (M-shell or 3rd shell) has 7 electrons. This is why chlorine needs 1 more electron to complete its octet, making it highly reactive.

Section B: Very Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Question 6: What is a double displacement reaction? Give one example.

Answer:
A double displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds.

Example: AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s)↓ + NaNO₃(aq)
(Silver nitrate + Sodium chloride → Silver chloride precipitate + Sodium nitrate)

Exam Tip: Look for the formation of a precipitate, gas, or water as evidence of a double displacement reaction.

Question 7: Define power of a lens. What is its SI unit?

Answer:
The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length (in metres). It indicates the degree of convergence or divergence of light rays passing through the lens.

Formula: P = 1/f (where f is focal length in metres)

SI Unit: Dioptre (D)

Note: 1 D = 1 m⁻¹. A convex lens has positive power, a concave lens has negative power.

Question 8: What is the function of ozone in the upper atmosphere?

Answer:
Ozone (O₃) in the stratosphere (upper atmosphere) acts as a protective shield by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. It prevents UV rays from reaching the Earth’s surface, where they could cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to crops and marine life.

Key Point: The ozone layer is being depleted by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) — this is a frequently tested topic.

Section C: Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Question 9: Explain the process of photosynthesis with a chemical equation.

Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare their food (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Chemical Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O →(sunlight/chlorophyll)→ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Step-by-step process:

1. Absorption: Chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs sunlight
2. Light Reaction: Light energy splits water molecules → releases O₂ and produces ATP + NADPH
3. Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle): CO₂ is reduced to glucose using ATP and NADPH

Exam Tip: Remember the 3 factors affecting photosynthesis — light intensity, CO₂ concentration, and temperature.

Question 10: State Ohm’s Law. A conductor has a resistance of 12 Ω. A potential difference of 24 V is applied across it. Find the current flowing through it.

Answer:
Ohm’s Law: At constant temperature, the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) across its ends.

V ∝ I
V = IR (where R is the resistance of the conductor)

Given: R = 12 Ω, V = 24 V
Calculation: I = V/R = 24/12 = 2 A

Answer: The current flowing through the conductor is 2 amperes.

Question 11: What is DNA copying? State its importance in reproduction.

Answer:
DNA copying (replication) is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.

Importance in reproduction:

1. Genetic continuity: Offspring inherit exact copies of genetic material from parents
2. Variation: Minor variations during DNA copying introduce diversity, which is essential for evolution
3. Basic event: DNA copying is the fundamental event in reproduction — without it, traits cannot be passed to the next generation

Section D: Long Answer Questions (5 marks each)

Question 12: (a) Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart. (b) Explain the double circulation of blood in human beings.

Answer:

(a) Labelled diagram of human heart:

[Draw a diagram showing: Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle, Left ventricle, Septum, Aorta, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)]

(b) Double circulation:
In humans, blood passes through the heart twice during one complete cycle:

1. Pulmonary Circulation (Right side):
   • Deoxygenated blood from body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs (CO₂ removed, O₂ added)
   • Oxygenated blood returns via Pulmonary vein → Left atrium
2. Systemic Circulation (Left side):
   • Oxygenated blood → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body tissues (O₂ delivered, CO₂ collected)
   • Deoxygenated blood returns via Vena cava → Right atrium

Advantage of double circulation: Maintains high pressure for efficient oxygen delivery to all body parts.

Question 13: (a) State the laws of refraction of light. (b) Refractive index of water is 1.33 and of glass is 1.50. Find the refractive index of glass with respect to water.

Answer:

(a) Laws of Refraction (Snell’s Law):

1. First Law: The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
2. Second Law (Snell’s Law): The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for a given pair of media.

sin i / sin r = n₂₁ (constant)

(b) Calculation:

Refractive index of glass with respect to water = μ_glass / μ_water

= 1.50 / 1.33 = 1.128

Interpretation: Light travels 1.128 times faster in water than in glass.

Question 14: Define heredity. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in human beings.

Answer:
Heredity: The process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring through genes.

Sex Determination in Humans:

• Human beings have 23 pairs (46) of chromosomes
• Females (XX): Carry two X chromosomes — all eggs carry X chromosome
• Males (XY): Carry one X and one Y chromosome — sperm carry either X or Y chromosome
• If X-carrying sperm fertilises the egg → Female (XX)
• If Y-carrying sperm fertilises the egg → Male (XY)

Key Point: The father’s sperm determines the sex of the child, not the mother. This is because males produce two types of gametes (X and Y), while females produce only one type (X).

Quick Revision Summary (Question-wise Mark Distribution)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Conclusion

This MP Board Class 10 Science 2022 Solved Paper provides a complete question-by-question analysis to help you prepare for the 2027 MP Board exams. Each answer includes explanations, formulas, diagrams where needed, and exam tips to maximise your score.

Key takeaways for scoring high:

• Practice diagrams (heart, eye, ray optics, nerve cell) — they carry 5-mark questions
• Master numericals from Electricity, Light, and Chemical Reactions
• Write balanced chemical equations with correct states (s, l, g, aq)
• Revise frequently — solved papers are best used as timed practice tests

For more MP Board Class 10 Science solved papers, chapter notes, and important questions for 2027, keep visiting mpboard.ai — your trusted platform for MP Board exam preparation.