Class 12 Physics PY Qs — Chapt…

MP Board Class 12 Physics Previous Year Questions 2027 — Master every chapter with chapter-wise solved PYQs from 2016–2026 board exams. Physics in Class 12 MP Board carries 70 marks theory + 30 marks practical. The question paper is divided into 5 sections: A (Very Short Answer — 1 mark each), B (Short Answer — 1 mark each), C (Short Answer — 2 marks each), D (Long Answer — 3 marks each), and E (Long Answer — 4/5 marks each). This PYQ compilation covers all chapters with actual board exam questions, marking schemes, and expert solutions.

⚡ Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

This chapter covers Coulomb’s law, electric field intensity, electric dipole, Gauss’s law and its applications. Weightage: 5-7 marks in board exam.

📝 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

• Q (2023-A): State Coulomb’s law in vector form.
• Q (2024-A): What is the SI unit of electric flux?
• Q (2022-A): Define electric dipole moment.
• Q (2025-A): What is the net flux through a closed surface enclosing no charge?
• Q (2023-B): Write the dimensional formula of electric field.

📝 Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks)

• Q (2023-A): Derive an expression for the electric field intensity at a point on the axial line of an electric dipole.
• Q (2024-A): Using Gauss’s theorem, derive the electric field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire.
• Q (2025-A): Two point charges +4 μC and -4 μC are placed 10 cm apart. Find the electric field at the midpoint of the line joining them.

📝 Long Answer Questions (4-5 marks)

• Q (2024-A): State and prove Gauss’s theorem. Using it, derive the electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged spherical shell at (i) inside (ii) on the surface (iii) outside points.
• Q (2023-B): Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field. When is the torque maximum and minimum?

🔋 Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Key topics: electrostatic potential, equipotential surfaces, capacitors, dielectrics. Weightage: 6-8 marks.

📝 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

• Q (2024-A): Define electric potential at a point.
• Q (2023-A): What is a dielectric? Give one example.
• Q (2025-A): Write the SI unit of capacitance.
• Q (2022-B): What is the net capacitance of two identical capacitors in series?

📝 Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks)

• Q (2024-A): Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric medium between the plates.
• Q (2023-A): Three capacitors of 2 μF, 3 μF, and 6 μF are connected in series. Find the equivalent capacitance.
• Q (2025-B): Draw equipotential surfaces for a point charge and a uniform electric field.

📝 Long Answer Questions (4-5 marks)

• Q (2023-A): Derive an expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor. Also derive the expression for energy density.
• Q (2024-A): State the principle of a capacitor. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric slab is partially introduced.

⚡ Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Covers Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer, and electrical measurements. Weightage: 6-9 marks.

📝 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

• Q (2023-A): State Ohm’s law.
• Q (2024-A): Define resistivity. Write its SI unit.
• Q (2025-A): What is the condition for a balanced Wheatstone bridge?
• Q (2022-A): Write the SI unit of conductance.

📝 Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks)

• Q (2023-A): Explain the principle and working of a potentiometer. How can it be used to compare the EMF of two cells?
• Q (2024-A): State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws with suitable diagrams.
• Q (2025-A): Derive the relation between current and drift velocity. I = neAv_d

📝 Long Answer Questions (4-5 marks)

• Q (2024-A): State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws. Using them, derive the condition for a balanced Wheatstone bridge.
• Q (2023-A): Explain the construction and working of a meter bridge. How is it used to find the unknown resistance?

🧲 Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on a current-carrying conductor, moving coil galvanometer. Weightage: 5-7 marks.

📝 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

• Q (2024-A): State Ampere’s circuital law.
• Q (2023-A): Define 1 Tesla.
• Q (2025-A): What is the force experienced by a charged particle moving parallel to a magnetic field?
• Q (2022-B): Write the expression for Lorentz force.

📝 Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks)

• Q (2023-A): Derive the magnetic field at the centre of a circular current loop using Biot-Savart law.
• Q (2024-A): Explain the principle and working of a cyclotron.

📝 Long Answer Questions (4-5 marks)

• Q (2024-A): State Biot-Savart law. Using it, derive the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular current loop.
• Q (2023-A): Explain the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer. How is it converted into an ammeter and voltmeter?

🧲 Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, Earth’s magnetism, magnetic materials. Weightage: 4-6 marks.

• Q (2023-A): Define magnetic dipole moment of a current loop.
• Q (2024-A): Distinguish between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials.
• Q (2025-A): Derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet.
• Q (2023-B): Define horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field. How can it be measured using a tangent galvanometer?

🔄 Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, self-inductance, mutual inductance, AC generator. Weightage: 5-7 marks.

• Q (2024-A): State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
• Q (2023-A): State Lenz’s law. Show that it is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy.
• Q (2025-A): Define self-inductance. Write its SI unit.
• Q (2024-A): Derive an expression for the mutual inductance between two coaxial solenoids.
• Q (2023-A): Explain the construction and working of an AC generator with a labelled diagram.

⚡ Chapter 7: Alternating Current

AC circuits, impedance, resonance, power, transformers. Weightage: 5-7 marks.

• Q (2023-A): Define RMS value of AC. Derive the relation between RMS and peak value.
• Q (2024-A): Derive an expression for the impedance of a series LCR circuit. What is resonance condition?
• Q (2025-A): Explain the principle and working of a transformer. Derive the turns ratio relation.
• Q (2023-B): What is power factor? Show that power factor = cos φ for an AC circuit.

📡 Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

EM wave properties, spectrum, Maxwell’s equations. Weightage: 3-5 marks.

🔦 Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection, refraction, lenses, microscope, telescope. Weightage: 7-9 marks (high weightage).

• Q (2024-A): State Snell’s law. Derive the lens maker’s formula.
• Q (2023-A): Explain the construction and working of a compound microscope. Derive its magnifying power.
• Q (2025-A): Derive the relation for the refractive index of a prism in terms of angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation.
• Q (2024-A): What is total internal reflection? Give two applications.
• Q (2023-A): Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the image formation in an astronomical telescope.

🌈 Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Huygens principle, interference, diffraction, polarization. Weightage: 5-7 marks.

• Q (2024-A): State Huygens principle. Explain the refraction of plane waves using it.
• Q (2023-A): Derive the expression for fringe width in Young’s double slit experiment.
• Q (2025-A): Distinguish between interference and diffraction.
• Q (2023-B): What is polarized light? State Brewster’s law.
• Q (2024-A): In YDSE, find the condition for constructive and destructive interference.

⚛️ Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, Einstein’s equation. Weightage: 4-6 marks.

• Q (2024-A): State Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Explain its experimental verification.
• Q (2023-A): Define threshold frequency and work function.
• Q (2025-A): Derive de Broglie wavelength of a matter wave. λ = h/p
• Q (2024-A): A metal has work function 2.3 eV. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons when light of wavelength 400 nm falls on it.

⚛️ Chapter 12: Atoms

Bohr’s model, energy levels, spectral series. Weightage: 4-5 marks.

• Q (2023-A): State Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
• Q (2024-A): Derive the expression for the radius of the nth Bohr orbit.
• Q (2025-A): Calculate the wavelength of the first line of the Balmer series (R = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹).
• Q (2023-B): Draw the energy level diagram of hydrogen atom showing spectral series.

☢️ Chapter 13: Nuclei

Nuclear structure, radioactivity, nuclear reactions, binding energy. Weightage: 4-6 marks.

• Q (2024-A): Define mass defect and binding energy. Derive the expression.
• Q (2023-A): State the law of radioactive decay. Derive N = N₀e⁻λᵗ
• Q (2025-A): Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion with examples.
• Q (2024-A): The half-life of a radioactive substance is 10 days. How much fraction remains after 30 days?

🖥️ Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Diodes, transistors, logic gates. Weightage: 6-8 marks.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How many total marks is the MP Board Class 12 Physics paper?

Ans: The theory paper is of 70 marks, consisting of 5 sections (A-E). Practical exam is 30 marks, making the total 100 marks.

Q: Which chapters have the highest weightage in Class 12 Physics?

Ans: Ray Optics (7-9 marks), Current Electricity (6-9 marks), Electrostatic Potential (6-8 marks), Semiconductor Electronics (6-8 marks), and Electromagnetic Induction (5-7 marks) are the highest weightage chapters.

Q: Are numerical problems important in MP Board Class 12 Physics?

Ans: Yes, numerical problems carry approximately 25-30 marks across all sections. Important numerical topics include: Coulomb’s law, capacitors, Ohm’s law, potentiometer, AC circuits, lens formula, prism formula, radioactive decay, and photoelectric effect.

Q: How many derivations are asked from Physics in board exams?

Ans: Generally 6-8 derivation questions appear (25-30 marks). Important derivations: Gauss’s theorem, electric dipole field, capacitance of parallel plate capacitor, Kirchhoff’s laws, Biot-Savart law, lens maker’s formula, compound microscope, Bohr’s radius, and radioactive decay.

Q: How should I prepare Section A (Very Short Answer)?

Ans: Section A has 10 questions of 1 mark each. Focus on definitions, SI units, laws/statements, and basic formulas. Use NCERT textbook — 90% of Section A questions come directly from NCERT definitions and statements.

Q: Are diagrams compulsory in Physics board exam?

Ans: Yes, labelled diagrams carry specific marks in Long Answer questions. Important diagrams: electric field lines, capacitor, Wheatstone bridge, moving coil galvanometer, AC generator, transformer, prism, compound microscope, telescope, YDSE pattern, p-n junction, energy level diagram, logic gates.

Q: Can I score 70/70 in Physics if I solve all previous year papers?

Ans: Solving PYQs alone covers ~60-65% of the paper (repeated questions). For full marks, also study NCERT textbook thoroughly, practice numerical problems, memorize derivations, and learn diagram drawing. Combining PYQs + NCERT + numerical practice is the winning formula.

Q: How many sets are there in MP Board Physics paper?

Ans: MP Board typically has 4 sets (A, B, C, D) for the Physics paper. All sets follow the same syllabus and pattern but have different question arrangements. Solve all sets for thorough preparation.

Q: Where can I download MP Board Class 12 Physics previous year papers?

Ans: Visit mpboard.ai for chapter-wise PYQ compilation, full previous year papers from 2016-2026, marking schemes, and expert solutions — all in one place.

🎯 Conclusion

Mastering MP Board Class 12 Physics requires consistent practice with previous year questions. This chapter-wise PYQ compilation covers all 14 chapters with actual board exam questions from 2016 to 2026. By solving these questions regularly, you’ll understand the exam pattern, marking scheme, and repeated question trends.

Remember: Physics in board exams is about clear concepts + practice + neat diagrams. Use this PYQ compilation as your daily revision tool. Focus on high-weightage chapters first (Ray Optics, Current Electricity, Semiconductor), then cover all chapters systematically. Best of luck for your MP Board 2027 Physics exam! 💪