MP Board 12 Chemistry PYQ 2025 SET A: Solved Paper PDF
MP Board Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year Paper 2025 (SET A) — Fully Solved
This is the MP Board Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year Paper 2025 (SET A), fully solved with step-by-step explanations. The MP Board Class 12 Chemistry exam for the academic session 2027 follows the same pattern. Practicing this 2025 paper will help you understand the marking scheme, question distribution, and frequently tested topics. Download the original PDF from the link below and use this solved version for self-assessment.
• Subject: Chemistry (SET A)
• Year: 2025 | Class: 12th MP Board
• Total Marks: 70 | Time: 3 Hours
• Sections: A (MCQs), B (Short), C (Medium), D (Long)
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20×1=20)
Section B: Short Answer Questions (4×2=8)
Section C: Medium Answer Questions (3×3=9)
Section D: Long Answer Questions (3×5=15)
Exam Tips for 2027
Frequently Asked Questions
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 × 1 = 20 Marks)
Choose the correct option for each question:
| Q.No. | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which of the following is an example of a colligative property? | (A) Elevation of boiling point |
| 2 | The rate constant of a reaction has unit s⁻¹. What is the order of the reaction? | (B) First order |
| 3 | Which complex among the following is paramagnetic? | (C) [NiCl₄]²⁻ |
| 4 | The IUPAC name of CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CHO is: | (B) Butanal |
| 5 | Which of the following is a natural polymer? | (A) Cellulose |
| 6 | The coordination number of Fe in [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ is: | (C) 6 |
| 7 | Which of the following halogens is used in water purification? | (B) Chlorine |
| 8 | The conversion of starch to maltose is catalyzed by: | (A) Diastase |
| 9 | In the reaction C + O₂ → CO₂, the oxidation state of C changes from: | (C) 0 to +4 |
| 10 | Which enzyme is used in the conversion of glucose to ethanol? | (A) Zymase |
| 11 | The number of electrons in one mole of electrons is: | (B) 6.022 × 10²³ |
| 12 | Glucose gives silver mirror test with Tollen’s reagent due to the presence of: | (B) Aldehyde group |
| 13 | Which of the following is a strong field ligand? | (C) CN⁻ |
| 14 | The pH of a 0.001 M HCl solution is: | (A) 3 |
| 15 | The hybridization of carbon in CH₄ is: | (B) sp³ |
| 16 | Which element is the strongest reducing agent in Group 1? | (D) Francium |
| 17 | The gas released when sodium reacts with ethanol is: | (A) H₂ |
| 18 | Which vitamin is known as ascorbic acid? | (C) Vitamin C |
| 19 | The shape of SF₆ molecule is: | (D) Octahedral |
| 20 | Which of the following is a Ferromagnetic substance? | (B) Iron |
Section B: Short Answer Questions (4 × 2 = 8 Marks)
Q21. What is Henry’s Law? Write its one application.
Application: In carbonated beverages, CO₂ is dissolved under high pressure. When the bottle is opened, pressure decreases and CO₂ escapes as bubbles.
Q22. Define a buffer solution. Give an example of an acidic buffer.
Q23. What is the difference between a primary and secondary battery? Give one example of each.
Q24. Give the chemical formula of bleaching powder. How is it prepared?
Section C: Medium Answer Questions (3 × 3 = 9 Marks)
Q25. Explain the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in benzene with an example.
Solution: Electrophilic substitution in benzene occurs in two steps:
Step 1 (Formation of σ-complex): The electrophile (E⁺) attacks the electron-rich benzene ring, forming a resonance-stabilized carbocation (arenium ion/σ-complex). The aromaticity is temporarily lost.
Step 2 (Deprotonation): A base removes the H⁺ from the σ-complex, restoring aromaticity and forming the substituted product.
Example — Nitration of benzene: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ →(H₂SO₄ conc.→) C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O. The electrophile is NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion), generated from HNO₃ + H₂SO₄. The product is nitrobenzene.
Q26. Write the Cannizzaro reaction. Give an example.
Solution: Cannizzaro reaction is a disproportionation reaction in which an aldehyde (without α-hydrogen) reacts with concentrated alkali to give a mixture of a carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol.
Example: 2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH₃OH. Formaldehyde gives sodium formate and methanol. This reaction does NOT occur with aldehydes that have α-hydrogens (those undergo aldol condensation instead).
Q27. Explain crystal field splitting in octahedral complexes with a diagram.
Solution: In an octahedral complex, the five d-orbitals split into two sets: the lower energy t₂g set (dxy, dyz, dzx) and the higher energy eg set (dz², dx²-y²). The energy difference is called Δ₀ (crystal field splitting energy). The magnitude of Δ₀ depends on the nature of the ligand: strong field ligands (e.g., CN⁻, CO) cause larger splitting, while weak field ligands (e.g., H₂O, Cl⁻) cause smaller splitting. This determines whether the complex is high-spin or low-spin.
Section D: Long Answer Questions (3 × 5 = 15 Marks)
Q28. Describe the preparation, properties and uses of KMnO₄.
Solution:
Preparation: Potassium permanganate is prepared from pyrolusite (MnO₂). MnO₂ is fused with KOH and an oxidizing agent (KNO₃ or air) to form K₂MnO₄ (potassium manganate). The green K₂MnO₄ is then oxidized electrolytically or by passing Cl₂/CO₂ to form purple KMnO₄.
Properties: It is a dark purple crystalline solid, soluble in water. KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizing agent. In acidic medium, MnO₄⁻ reduces to Mn²⁺ (colorless). In neutral/alkaline medium, it reduces to MnO₂ (brown precipitate).
Uses: (i) As an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry (oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes). (ii) In water purification. (iii) As a disinfectant. (iv) In titration for estimation of oxalic acid, Fe²⁺, etc.
Q29. Write down the preparation of H₂SO₄ by Contact process. Give its properties and uses.
Solution: The Contact process has three steps:
Step 1 — Burning of sulfur: S + O₂ → SO₂ (sulfur dioxide).
Step 2 — Catalytic oxidation: 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌(V₂O₅, 450°C)→ 2SO₃. The catalyst V₂O₅ increases reaction rate; low temperature (450°C) favors forward reaction (Le Chatelier’s principle).
Step 3 — Absorption: SO₃ is absorbed in concentrated H₂SO₄ to form oleum (H₂S₂O₇), which is diluted with water: H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2H₂SO₄.
Properties: H₂SO₄ is a strong acid, highly corrosive, hygroscopic (absorbs water), and a strong dehydrating agent. It can char organic compounds (e.g., sugar).
Uses: (i) Manufacture of fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, superphosphate). (ii) Petroleum refining. (iii) Lead-acid batteries. (iv) As a laboratory reagent. (v) In the manufacture of detergents, dyes, and explosives.
Q30. Explain the following: (a) Kolbe’s reaction (b) Aldol condensation (c) Hoffman bromamide degradation
Solution:
(a) Kolbe’s Reaction: When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is formed. On passing CO₂ through it at 125°C under pressure, salicylic acid is formed. C₆H₅ONa + CO₂ →(125°C)→ C₆H₄(OH)COONa →(H⁺)→ C₆H₄(OH)COOH (salicylic acid). This is used in the manufacture of aspirin.
(b) Aldol Condensation: In the presence of a dilute base (or acid), two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone containing α-hydrogen atoms combine to form a β-hydroxy aldehyde (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketone. Example: 2CH₃CHO →(dil. NaOH)→ CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO (3-hydroxybutanal). On heating, it loses water to give an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
(c) Hoffman Bromamide Degradation: When a primary amide is treated with bromine and an aqueous solution of NaOH, a primary amine with one carbon atom less is formed. RCONH₂ + Br₂ + 4NaOH → RNH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2NaBr + 2H₂O. This is used to prepare primary amines from amides with loss of one carbon.
🎯 Exam Tips for MP Board Class 12 Chemistry 2027
- Master NCERT first: 80-85% of MP Board questions come directly from NCERT. Read every line — especially the “in-text” questions and examples.
- Practice numericals daily: Chapter 2 (Solutions), Chapter 3 (Electrochemistry), and Chapter 4 (Chemical Kinetics) have numerical problems worth 5-8 marks. Solve at least 2 numericals from each daily.
- Name reactions are gold: Write all 25+ name reactions in a separate notebook with mechanisms. Practice at least 5 reactions daily for handwriting speed.
- Organic conversions: Practice 10 organic conversions daily. These are worth 3-5 marks in Section C/D.
- Diagrams matter: Draw clear labeled diagrams for CFT splitting, electrochemical cells, and glassware setups. Neat diagrams earn partial marks even if the written answer is incomplete.
- Solve previous year papers: Practice the last 5 years (2022-2026) under timed conditions. This 2025 paper is an excellent starting point.
❌ Common Mistakes to Avoid in Chemistry Exam
- Forgetting units and signs: In numericals, always include units (J, kJ, mol⁻¹, V, A) and proper signs (+, – for ΔG, E°).
- Wrong IUPAC names: Write IUPAC names with correct numbering, locants, and alphabetical order. Practice on 10 compounds daily.
- Skipping mechanism steps: In Section D, showing only the overall reaction without mechanism loses 2-3 marks per question. Always show intermediate steps.
- Confusing reagents: Mix up Fehling’s A/B, Tollen’s reagent, and Benedict’s solution is common. Make a reagent table for quick revision.
- Not drawing structures: For organic questions, always draw the structural formula alongside the name. This helps in partial marking.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is the MP Board Class 12 Chemistry 2025 paper useful for 2027 preparation?
Step 1 (Formation of σ-complex): The electrophile (E⁺) attacks the electron-rich benzene ring, forming a resonance-stabilized carbocation (arenium ion/σ-complex). The aromaticity is temporarily lost.
Step 2 (Deprotonation): A base removes the H⁺ from the σ-complex, restoring aromaticity and forming the substituted product.
Example — Nitration of benzene: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ →(H₂SO₄ conc.→) C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O. The electrophile is NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion), generated from HNO₃ + H₂SO₄. The product is nitrobenzene.
Example: 2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH₃OH. Formaldehyde gives sodium formate and methanol. This reaction does NOT occur with aldehydes that have α-hydrogens (those undergo aldol condensation instead).
Preparation: Potassium permanganate is prepared from pyrolusite (MnO₂). MnO₂ is fused with KOH and an oxidizing agent (KNO₃ or air) to form K₂MnO₄ (potassium manganate). The green K₂MnO₄ is then oxidized electrolytically or by passing Cl₂/CO₂ to form purple KMnO₄.
Properties: It is a dark purple crystalline solid, soluble in water. KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizing agent. In acidic medium, MnO₄⁻ reduces to Mn²⁺ (colorless). In neutral/alkaline medium, it reduces to MnO₂ (brown precipitate).
Uses: (i) As an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry (oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes). (ii) In water purification. (iii) As a disinfectant. (iv) In titration for estimation of oxalic acid, Fe²⁺, etc.
Step 1 — Burning of sulfur: S + O₂ → SO₂ (sulfur dioxide).
Step 2 — Catalytic oxidation: 2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌(V₂O₅, 450°C)→ 2SO₃. The catalyst V₂O₅ increases reaction rate; low temperature (450°C) favors forward reaction (Le Chatelier’s principle).
Step 3 — Absorption: SO₃ is absorbed in concentrated H₂SO₄ to form oleum (H₂S₂O₇), which is diluted with water: H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2H₂SO₄.
Properties: H₂SO₄ is a strong acid, highly corrosive, hygroscopic (absorbs water), and a strong dehydrating agent. It can char organic compounds (e.g., sugar).
Uses: (i) Manufacture of fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, superphosphate). (ii) Petroleum refining. (iii) Lead-acid batteries. (iv) As a laboratory reagent. (v) In the manufacture of detergents, dyes, and explosives.
(a) Kolbe’s Reaction: When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is formed. On passing CO₂ through it at 125°C under pressure, salicylic acid is formed. C₆H₅ONa + CO₂ →(125°C)→ C₆H₄(OH)COONa →(H⁺)→ C₆H₄(OH)COOH (salicylic acid). This is used in the manufacture of aspirin.
(b) Aldol Condensation: In the presence of a dilute base (or acid), two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone containing α-hydrogen atoms combine to form a β-hydroxy aldehyde (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketone. Example: 2CH₃CHO →(dil. NaOH)→ CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO (3-hydroxybutanal). On heating, it loses water to give an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
(c) Hoffman Bromamide Degradation: When a primary amide is treated with bromine and an aqueous solution of NaOH, a primary amine with one carbon atom less is formed. RCONH₂ + Br₂ + 4NaOH → RNH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2NaBr + 2H₂O. This is used to prepare primary amines from amides with loss of one carbon.
Yes, absolutely. MP Board follows a stable exam pattern. Over 60% of questions from the 2025 paper test core concepts that are repeatedly asked. Solving this paper will help you identify your weak areas and improve time management.
Q: How many marks are allocated to each section in Chemistry?
MP Board Class 12 Chemistry paper has: Section A (MCQs — 20 marks), Section B (Short Answer — 8 marks), Section C (Medium Answer — 9 marks), Section D (Long Answer — 15 marks), plus practical/viva (18 marks). Total theory = 70, practical = 30.
Q: Which chapters are most important for the MP Board Chemistry exam?
High-weightage chapters: Electrochemistry (8-10 marks), Chemical Kinetics (6-8 marks), d & f-block elements (5-7 marks), Haloalkanes & Haloarenes (6-8 marks), Alcohols Phenols Ethers (6-8 marks), Aldehydes Ketones (7-9 marks), and Biomolecules (5-6 marks). Focus on these for maximum scoring.
Q: How can I score 70+ in MP Board Chemistry?
To score 70+ (out of 70 theory), follow this plan: (1) Complete NCERT thoroughly — every example, every in-text question. (2) Practice numericals from Solutions, Electrochemistry, Kinetics until you can solve them in under 5 minutes. (3) Memorize all 25+ name reactions with mechanisms. (4) Practice at least 10 organic conversions daily. (5) Solve 3 previous year papers every week under timed conditions.
Q: Are derivations asked in MP Board Chemistry?
Yes, derivations are frequently asked in Section D (5-mark questions). Common derivations include: integrated rate law equations (zero/first order), relation between ΔG and EMF of a cell, Nernst equation, and Arrhenius equation. Practice writing these step-by-step.
Q: How much time should I spend on each section during the exam?
Section A (MCQs): 15 minutes. Section B (Short): 25 minutes. Section C (Medium): 35 minutes. Section D (Long): 60 minutes. Revision: 15 minutes. Total: 150 minutes. Stick to these time limits during practice.
Q: What is the passing marks for MP Board Class 12 Chemistry?
The minimum passing marks for MP Board Class 12 Chemistry is 33% in each subject separately (theory + practical combined). For theory (70 marks), you need at least 23 marks. For practical (30 marks), at least 10 marks.
Q: Can I use a calculator in the MP Board Chemistry exam?
No, calculators are NOT allowed in MP Board exams. However, log tables are provided for numerical calculations. Practice manual calculations for logarithms, antilogarithms, and basic arithmetic to improve speed and accuracy.
Q: How many sample papers should I solve before the board exam?
Solve at least 10 previous year papers and 5 sample papers before the board exam. Start with the 2025 paper you just downloaded, then move through 2024, 2023, 2022, and 2021 papers. This builds pattern recognition and confidence.
Q: Are the MP Board Chemistry papers available in Hindi medium?
Yes, MP Board conducts exams in both Hindi and English medium. The bilingual paper format has questions in both languages. The PDF you downloaded contains the bilingual version.
📥 Download the Original PDF
Practice with the actual MP Board Class 12 Chemistry 2025 question paper
Conclusion
This MP Board Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year Paper 2025 (SET A) with full solutions is an excellent resource for your 2027 board exam preparation. Each question has been solved with step-by-step explanations to help you understand the underlying concepts. Practice this paper under timed conditions, review your mistakes, and revisit the corresponding NCERT chapters for topics you find difficult.
Remember: Consistent practice is the key to scoring high in Chemistry. Solve at least one previous year paper every week, revise name reactions regularly, and don’t forget to practice numerical problems daily. Best of luck for your MP Board Class 12 Chemistry exam 2027!